Cyberethics(Contd)-Post 5

A Very Good Morning to All the Boys

Good to meet you all again.

Although this is difficult time period going on for all... but at the same time we can find many positive things in it.

Today invest a little time with your parents after school hours and try to discuss some positive impacts of this lock down period on your life.

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Ok...

Now, let's get ourselves connected to the world of Computer Science...

In my last blog, I gave the following assignment...

Q18. Define the following terms:

* Intellectural Property Rights

* Copyright Laws

* Plagiarism

Q19. Why the originality of any creation is vulnerable?

Q20. What types of solutions are available to a person to protect her/his intellectual property?

Q21. Enlish any 4 reasons to protect intellectual property rights.

Q22. Enumerate the common types of Plagiarism.

Everyone should have done these question-answers in the notebook.

We should always avoid creating backlogs.

Remember:

Let's start with I have planned for you today...

Learning Outcomes:

By the end of this blog, you will be able to: 

• Define four types of Plagiarism
• Enlist the points to avoid Plagiarism
• State whether Plagiarism is a crime or not. 

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Before we move ahead to our topic for today, let's recall something learnt in previous class.

Plagiarism is the topic where we concluded our last class. I told you about four different types of Plagiarism.

Take few seconds to recall their names and type them in the following form.

Please read the correct answers returned by the form to you. 

Now we all know the names of the four types of Plagiarism. 

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Let us touch them one by one...

1. Direct Plagiarism: 

You must have seen some movie which is actually a remake of some old movie with the same story. Now a days it's very popular to see Bollywood movies made on the story of a movie from south. 

This is done with the permission of the original film makers. 

But if someone has made an exactly same copy of another person's creation without prior permission, then it will be called Direct Plagiarism. You can say, it is simply doing nothing but copying the whole or part of someone's content same to same, without permission or referencing. 

So one can say...

A. Direct plagiarism is the word-to-word transcription of a section of someone else's work. 

B. It is made without attribution or referencing and without quotation marks. 

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2. Self-Plagiarism:

Anita is a Computer Science engineering student. She got two projects to be made in first and second term of the year. Although she was allowed to submit both the projects at the end of the second term only. She started in an unplanned way and invested maximum of her time on first project. Now, when she started working on second project, she found that she would not be able to finish this project on time. 

Anita got an idea from her friend that she can copy some modules from the first project and add them to the second project. Anita was aware that doing this she would not be able to vouch for the uniqueness of second project. But due to time constraint, she did it. 

My dear boys, do you know, Anita  has done plagiarism... 

This kind of plagiarism is classed Self-Plagiarism. 

So basically...

1. Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits her or his own previous work, or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from the professors / teachers involved. 

2. Self-plagiarism also applies to submitting the same piece of work for assignments in different classes without previous permission from the professors involved. 

hmmm.... I hope you don't do like this. 

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3. Mosaic Plagiarism:

Before you read anything about this... Let's see a video on this topic:

If the video doesn't play, then click on the following link: 

https://youtu.be/ub-fdTWskDs

Now please read this example on Mosaic Plagiarism:

Student Writer A:  Long ago, when there was no written history, these islands were the home of millions of happy birds; the resort of a hundred times more millions of fishes, sea lions, and other creatures. Here lived innumerable creatures predestined from the creation of the world to lay up a store of wealth for the British farmer, and a store of quite another sort for an immaculate Republican government.

Source: "In ages which have no record these islands were the home of millions of happy birds, the resort of a hundred times more millions of fishes, of sea lions, and other creatures whose names are not so common; the marine residence, in fact, of innumerable creatures predestined from the creation of the world to lay up a store of wealth for the British farmer, and a store of quite another sort for an immaculate Republican government."

Writer A has included a verbatim passage from his/her source and has failed to indicate it's a direct quotation.

from the above video and example we can simply say that...

Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrow phrases from a source but

• doesn't use quotation marks OR
• finds synonyms for the author's language while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original. 

Please note this kind of Plagiarism is also called 'Patch Writing'. 

And remember that whether done intentionally or not, but this type of work is academically dishonest and punishable, even if you footnote your source. 

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4. Accidental Plagiarism: 

Neglecting the law or rules, or keeping no knowledge about the law, doesn't gives you any excuse to avoid punishment.

If an uneducated person, who doesn't know traffic rules, jumps the red light, then what will you say? Can he be excused?
No, under the eyes of law, she/he will have to pay fine.

Same happens with Plagiarism. If you neglect to cite the sources from where the you have done paraphrasing then it doesn't mean that you are not at fault.

As your book says....
Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite their sources, or misquotes their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by using similar words, groups of words, and /or sentences structure without attribution.

What should a student do?

• She/he should learn to cite the sources
• should take careful and accurate notes when doing research.

They should remember...

• Lack of intention doesn't eliminates the responsibility of plagiarism. 

• Accidental plagiarism is equal to any other form of plagiarism under the eyes of law.

• All plagiarisms, including accidental plagiarism, have same range of consequences. 

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After learning so much about plagiarism, it doesn't mean that you will stop referring to books, blogs, internet, websites or many other sources while creating any new thing of your own.

But at the same time a question comes to mind.

How to avoid plagiarism??

Let's try to find the answer in the following video:

So basically, we should:

• In order to make a high level of writing and citing, use software services like:
• State-of-the-art plagiarism checker and grammar check software service

• Give credits on using 
• a person's data, opinion or theory.
• quotations of another person's actual spoken or written words or paragraphs.

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Caution boys... because:

• Plagiarism would amount to both copyright infringement and the violation of the 'special right' of the author.

• Copyright infringement and violation of author's rights are civil wrongs and criminal offences. 

• In such a case there can be a civil suit instituted against you and even criminal charges can be filed.

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Now you should be able to answer the following questions. 

Please note these questions in your notebook as homework assignment:

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Let's summarise:

• Direct plagiarism is the word-to-word transcription of a section of someone else's work.

• Self-plagiarism refers to submitting the same piece of work for assignments in different classes.

• Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrow phrases from a source but doesn't use quotation marks. 

• Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite the sources.

• Lack of intention doesn't eliminates the responsibility of plagiarism.

• All plagiarisms have same range of consequences. 

• We should give credits on using a person's data, opinion or theory.

• Copyright infringement and violation of author's rights are civil wrongs and criminal offences.

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That's all for today

Thank you 

God bless you

Computer Science Department

(Middle School)